Comparing the impacts of drip irrigation by freshwater and reclaimed wastewater on the soil microbial community of two citrus species

[SPA] La búsqueda de nuevos recursos para el riego es un requerimiento en los agro ecosistemas mediterráneos. Se evaluó el impacto del riego con aguas de distintos suministros sobre la comunidad microbiana del suelo y sobre la fisiología de la planta en cultivos de pomelo y mandarino en el Sureste de España. Se consideraron los siguientes tratamientos: i) Agua procedente del Trasvase Tajo-Segura y de pozo (TW) ii) Agua regenerada procedente de una EDAR de la zona (RW) iii) Riego con TW, excepto en la segunda fase de desarrollo del fruto en la que se regó con RWc iv) Riego con RW, excepto en la segunda fase de desarrollo del fruto en la que se regó con TWc. [ENG] The search for new water resources for irrigation is a mandatory requirement in Mediterranean agroecosystems. The impacts of irrigation with water from different origins were evaluated in the soil microbial community and plant physiology of grapefruit and mandarin trees in the south-east of Spain. The following treatments were considered: i) freshwater from the Tajo-Segura water transfer canal and well (TW) ii) reclaimed water from a wastewater treatment plant ( RW) iii) irrigation with TW, except in the second stage of fruit development when RWc was applied iv) irrigation with RW, except in the second stage of fruit development when TWc was applied. Enzyme activities and phospholipids fatty acids were determined to know the phylum of microbial biomass.Authors are grateful to MINECO projects and Seneca foundation

Biodiversity accounting and reporting: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis

Towards the improvement of environmental sustainability and the conservation of biodiversity, organisations are increasingly aware of the importance of reporting their impacts on biodiversity and the conservation plans undertaken. Biodiversity accounting and reporting are relevant for developing organisational practices oriented towards environmental sustainability, promoting cleaner management policies with less impact on the environment. Biodiversity accounting research has attracted scholars in business management and accounting, and as a result, the literature in the field has grown in recent years. This study analyses the intellectual structure of the biodiversity accounting and management discipline through a systematic literature review, along with bibliometric techniques based on a co-word analysis of the main keywords included in 63 publications. The results reveal five thematic clusters: one motor cluster (sustainability), two transversal clusters (biodiversity reporting, corporate biodiversity management) and two isolated clusters (environmental protection, emancipatory accounting). In addition, the content of the selected papers is analysed and promising research paths are found, such as the need for more robust quantitative analyses or the development of new forms of emancipatory accounting. The study discusses the main insights from the analysis, proposes future research directions and provides practical implications for biodiversity protection and environmental sustainability. © The Author

Environmental Justice Movements in Globalizing Networks: A Critical Discussion on Social Resistance against Large Dams

We examine the social resistance against large dams as environmental justice movements in four case studies - the Sardar Sarovar Project from India, the Hidrosogamoso from Colombia, the ‘new water culture’ movement in Spain, and the Lesotho Highlands Project from Lesotho - with diverse social, political and environmental contexts. We discuss three broad issues. First, the nature of the involvement of civil society and metropolitan intelligentsia in leadership roles. Second, how cross-class and multi-sectoral alliances have been forged between the local and the global. And third, how the notion of environmental justice in relation to social justice is adopted in these movements

Utilidad de la Información Financiera para la Gestión de las Entidades Privada no Lucrativas

El notable protagonismo experimentado por las entidades no lucrativas en los sistemas económicos y la relevancia social que han adquirido impulsó la emisión de normas contables dirigidas a su rendición de cuentas. La utilidad para la toma de decisiones constituye la finalidad esencial de la información financiera, y en este marco se sitúa la adaptación del Plan General de Contabilidad para las entidades no lucrativas, diseñada por el ICAC y publicada en 1998. En este trabajo se aborda el análisis de la utilidad de la información financiera exigida por esta regulación desde el punto de vista de los usuarios internos. Para ello, hemos realizado una encuesta a responsables de la gestión económico-financiera de las asociaciones de utilidad pública españolas, recabando su opinión y valoración sobre las distintas áreas de la información financiera y presupuestaria.Los resultados de la encuesta permiten constatar que los responsables de la gestión utilizan la información financiera para diversas tareas de gestión, aunque se sigue considerando muy relevante su utilidad para la rendición de cuentas. Destaca sin embargo, la baja utilidad asignada al estado del presupuesto y su liquidación, en contra de lo que cabía esperar a priori.The relevant increase of the role of non profit organizations in the economic systems and their high social impact has induced accounting standard setters to introduce financial reporting standards for these entities. Usefulness for decision-taking is the main purpose for financial reporting and, in this context, was introduced the adaptation of the General Accounting Plan for non profit organizations. The present study analyses the usefulness of financial reporting required to non profit entities from a management perspective. For carrying out this goal, we sent a questionnaire to managers of Spanish public utility associations to know their opinion about the compulsory financial reporting. Our results show that managers of these entities use financial reporting for management purposes, although financial reporting is still basically relevant for accountability purposes. However, the budgetary statement is not very used

Bent-core liquid crystalline cyanostilbenes : fluorescence switching and thermochromism

The authors from ICMA greatly appreciate financial support from the Spanish Government (MINECO-FEDER project MAT2012-38538-C03-01), the Aragon's Government and FSE (project E04) and the Jae PreDoc-CSIC (M. M.-A.) fellowship program.Fluorescent bent-core molecules, bearing one or two cyanostilbene units in the lateral structure and different positions of the cyano group (α- or β-isomers), are described with the aim of modulating the molecular packing and fluorescence properties. These compounds give rise to a variety of crystal polymorphs and bent-core liquid crystalline phases (SmCP, Colr and B6), offering the unique chance to study the fluorescence properties of the cyanostilbene structure in different phases. Experimental and computational studies elucidate geometrical and electronic properties of these bent-core structures but especially the fluorescence properties (spectral positions, quantum yields and decay curves), in a detailed comparison between diluted solutions, in dichloromethane (DCM) or poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), and condensed phases. Quantum yields as high as 70% have been obtained in some diluted solutions (PMMA) and condensed phases. Remarkably, the quantum yield values depend on the position of the cyano group, being higher for β- than for the α-isomers due to the higher radiative rates and lower non-radiative rates of the former. The photophysical characterization in the condensed phase focuses on RT studies with solid samples and different processing, and show that, upon aggregation, interactions between the cyanostilbene groups result in changes of the emission spectra and dynamics compared to the diluted systems in DCM and PMMA, giving rise to H-aggregations of varying strength. Furthermore, the compounds exhibit thermochromism, showing a green-yellow fluorescence in the pristine crystalline phase that changes to blue on heating to the liquid crystal phase. This journal isPostprintPeer reviewe

Alternative water management strategies and his impact on the soil biology quality in semiarid agroecosystem

[SPA] En las regiones de clima semiárido, el agua es un factor limitante para la producción agrícola y, por tanto, para su desarrollo económico. Además, los escenarios de cambio climático muestran una reducción a medio plazo de los recursos hídricos con un mismo nivel de demanda. Por todo ello es fundamental implementar estrategias de riego dirigidas a paliar, en la medida de lo posible, la escasez de agua y a gestionar de manera más eficiente los escasos recursos disponibles. Por otra parte, la comunidad microbiana del suelo es un componente fundamental del ecosistema y un indicador claro de fertilidad del suelo. En el presente estudio se evalúa la respuesta de la comunidad microbiana del suelo, así como la fisiología y producción vegetal, ante las diferentes estrategias de manejo del agua de riego y el déficit hídrico. [ENG] In semiarid regions, water is a limiting factor for the agricultural production and hence for his economic development. Indeed, climate change scenarios show that water availability will be reduced on the long run, with a similar level of demand. Therefore, it is important to implement alternative irrigation managements in order to palliate water deficit without affecting soil sustainability. Moreover, the soil microbial community is an essential part of the ecosystem and a sensitive indicator of soil fertility. In this study, the responses of soil microbial community, plant physiology and production to alternative water managements and water deficit were evaluated in Mediterranean agroecosystems.Se agradece la financiación recibida del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad AGL2014-54636-R y AGL2016-77282-C3-1

Entre milagros, bailes y santos: ¿cómo se vivía la religiosidad cotidiana en Santiago de Cali (1700 – 1750)?

El presente artículo realiza un acercamiento a la denominada cotidianidad religiosa de la gente que fue protagonista de las formas de vivir la fe en el mundo colonial en Santiago de Cali (1700 – 1750. Se muestra, inicialmente, cómo las formas de expresión religiosa que vivía dicha población trasgredían constantemente la oficialidad y ortodoxia católica, debido a los desordenes constantes, desobediencias y escándalos públicos que eran protagonizados por los libres de todos los colores que habitaban la ciudad, al realizar las fiestas y procesiones con constante bullicio, licor y algazara, y sin seguir la correcta doctrina cristiana. Además se presenta y relata una aparición milagrosa muestra la importancia del milagro como mecanismo de control social en el mundo colonial